About cytomegalic inclusion disease

What is cytomegalic inclusion disease?

Cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) is a viral infection that rarely causes obvious illness. The virus that causes CMV is part of the herpes virus family and, like other herpes viruses, may become dormant for a period of time and then be reactivated. CMV affects young children mainly, but it is estimated that by age 30 in the United States, half of all adults are, or have been, infected. The virus can pass from an infected, pregnant mother to her child through the shared blood supply (umbilical cord).

Physicians recognize three clinical forms of CMV. These include: (1) CMV inclusion disease of the newborn, which ranges in severity from being without symptoms to being a severe disease affecting the liver, spleen and central nervous system, with possible developmental disabilities; (2) Acute acquired CMV infection, which is similar to infectious mononucleosis and characterized by fever, a feeling of being not quite right (malaise), skeletal-muscular pain and the absence of a sore throat; (3) CMV in immuno-compromised persons (for instance, people who have had organ transplants or who have HIV) with increased risk for difficult eye infections (CMV retinitis), gastrointestinal CMV, and encephalitis.

What are the symptoms for cytomegalic inclusion disease?

Epilepsy symptom was found in the cytomegalic inclusion disease condition

Cytomegalic inclusion body disease (CIBD), also known as cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID), is a series of signs and symptoms caused by cytomegalovirus infection, toxoplasmosis or other rare infections such as herpes or rubella viruses.

  • It can produce massive calcification of the central nervous system and often the kidneys.
  • Cytomegalic inclusion body disease is the most common cause of congenital abnormalities in the United States.
  • It can also cause pneumonia and other diseases in immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS or recipients of organ transplants various systems are affected.


CNS abnormalities - microcephaly, intellectual disability, spasticity, epilepsy, periventricular calcification

  • Eye - chorioretinitis and optic atrophy
  • Ear - sensorineural deafness
  • Liver - hepatosplenomegaly and jaundice due to hepatitis
  • Lung - pneumonitis (interstitial pneumonitis)
  • Heart - myocarditis
  • Thrombocytopenic purpura, haemolytic anaemia
  • GI diseases in AIDS patients
  • Late sequelae in individuals asymptomatic at birth - hearing defects and reduced intelligence.


Symptoms
Microcephaly,Intellectual disability,Spasticity,Epilepsy
Conditions
Pneumonia,Epilepsy,Myocarditis,Intellectual disablity
Drugs
Antiviral medications,Symptomatic treatments

What are the causes for cytomegalic inclusion disease?

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous DNA virus belonging to the herpesvirus family. It is the most frequent cause of fetal and neonatal viral infection and cytomegalic inclusion disease.

  • Intrauterine acquisition of infection, presumably through the transplacental transmission of virus, can occur secondary to recurrent or primary maternal infection
  • Reactivation of latent maternal infection is associated with a 3.4% prevalence of congenital fetal infection.
  • Such an infected neonate is usually asymptomatic but does run a risk of developing long-term neurologic sequelae.
  • In contrast, primary CMV infection during pregnancy poses a 30-50% risk of intrauterine transmission and a 21% chance of a symptomatic infected infant.
  • Clinical findings of the classic fetal cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) syndrome consist of hemolytic anemia with hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice; thrombocytopenia with petechiae or purpura; hepatosplenomegaly; pneumonitis; and CNS abnormalities such as microcephaly, ocular defects, and deafness.


Symptoms
Microcephaly,Intellectual disability,Spasticity,Epilepsy
Conditions
Pneumonia,Epilepsy,Myocarditis,Intellectual disablity
Drugs
Antiviral medications,Symptomatic treatments

What are the treatments for cytomegalic inclusion disease?

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that causes cytomegalic inclusion disease. Once infected, your body retains the virus for life.
Women who develop an active CMV infection during pregnancy can pass the virus to their babies, who might then experience symptoms.

  • Treatment generally isn't necessary for healthy children and adults. Healthy adults who develop CMV mononucleosis generally recover without medication.
  • Newborns and people who have weakened immunity need treatment when they're experiencing symptoms of CMV infection. The type of treatment depends on the signs and symptoms and their severity.
  • Antiviral medications are the most common type of treatment. They can slow the reproduction of the virus, but can't eliminate it.
  • Researchers are studying new medications and vaccines to treat and prevent CMV.
  • CMV may affect any organ system. Multiple specialists may take part in the management, such as gastroenterologists or pulmonologists
  • An infectious-disease specialist is often consulted as part of the care team to assist with monitoring, preventive antivirals, diagnosis, or treatment of active infection.
  • Pediatric infectious-disease specialists may manage the care of infants with congenital CMV


Symptoms
Microcephaly,Intellectual disability,Spasticity,Epilepsy
Conditions
Pneumonia,Epilepsy,Myocarditis,Intellectual disablity
Drugs
Antiviral medications,Symptomatic treatments

What are the risk factors for cytomegalic inclusion disease?

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous DNA virus belonging to the herpesvirus family that causes cytomegalic inclusion disease. It is the most frequent cause of fetal and neonatal viral infection.

  • Intrauterine acquisition of infection, presumably through transplacental transmission of virus, can occur secondary to recurrent or primary maternal infection.
  • Those at risk for CMV include young children and adults who work closely with them, people who undergo blood transfusions, people who have multiple sex partners, and previously uninfected people who receive a CMV-infected organ or bone marrow transplant.
  • People at risk for complications from CMV infection include pregnant women and their fetus (congenital cytomegalovirus infection) and those with a weakened immune system, such as people who are HIV-infected, individuals who are recent organ transplant recipients, cancer patients, or
  • those who are taking medications that might suppress their immune system.
  • Cell-mediated immunity is particularly important in preventing CMV reactivation and opportunistic infections.


Symptoms
Microcephaly,Intellectual disability,Spasticity,Epilepsy
Conditions
Pneumonia,Epilepsy,Myocarditis,Intellectual disablity
Drugs
Antiviral medications,Symptomatic treatments

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